| 1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. | History of the hydrogen financial system |
| 1.2. | Recent growth within the hydrogen market |
| 1.3. | Important competing elements for the inexperienced H2 market |
| 1.4. | Electrolyzer Systems Overview |
| 1.5. | Electrolyzer techniques comparability – working parameters |
| 1.6. | PEMEL-AWE effectivity development |
| 1.7. | Pros and cons of electrolyzer applied sciences |
| 1.8. | SOEL techniques: an alternative choice to AWE? |
| 1.9. | Global hydrogen insurance policies |
| 1.10. | Global electrolyzer gamers |
| 1.11. | Electrolyzer part distributors |
| 1.12. | Drivers and restraints |
| 1.13. | Main hydrogen end-uses |
| 1.14. | Hydrogen demand forecast |
| 1.15. | Hydrogen development sectors |
| 1.16. | Green hydrogen finish sectors |
| 1.17. | Electrolyzer market forecast |
| 1.18. | Future development of the electrolyzer market |
| 2. | INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. | Introduction |
| 2.2. | Potential end-uses for inexperienced hydrogen |
| 2.3. | Power-to-X (P2X) |
| 2.4. | What is the hydrogen financial system? |
| 2.5. | Hydrogen Economy Development |
| 2.6. | BEV and FCEVs |
| 2.7. | The position of inexperienced hydrogen in decarbonisation |
| 2.8. | Main hydrogen end-uses |
| 2.9. | The colours of hydrogen |
| 2.10. | The colours of hydrogen |
| 2.11. | Blue hydrogen |
| 2.12. | Common options of processes utilizing pure gasoline |
| 2.13. | Steam-methane reforming (SMR) + CCUS |
| 2.14. | What is inexperienced hydrogen? |
| 3. | POLICY AND REGULATION |
| 3.1. | Carbon pricing |
| 3.1.1. | Emission buying and selling system |
| 3.2. | Carbon pricing |
| 3.2.1. | Carbon pricing the world over |
| 3.2.2. | Challenges with carbon pricing |
| 3.2.3. | The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) |
| 3.2.4. | Carbon pricing within the European Union |
| 3.2.5. | Has the EU ETS had an influence? |
| 3.2.6. | Carbon pricing within the UK |
| 3.2.7. | Carbon pricing within the US |
| 3.2.8. | Carbon pricing in China |
| 3.2.9. | Carbon pricing in South Africa |
| 4. | ELECTROLYZER TECHNOLOGY |
| 4.1.1. | Electrolyzer Systems Overview |
| 4.1.2. | Electrolyzer techniques overview |
| 4.1.3. | System efficiency examples |
| 4.1.4. | System efficiency examples |
| 4.1.5. | Electrolyzer degradation |
| 4.1.6. | System design schematic examples |
| 4.2. | Alkaline electrolysers |
| 4.2.1. | Alkaline water electrolysis |
| 4.2.2. | AWE Electrolyzers system overview |
| 4.2.3. | Alkaline electrolyzer: cathode response |
| 4.2.4. | Alkaline electrolyzer: cathode supplies (HER) |
| 4.2.5. | Alkaline electrolyzer: anode response (OER) |
| 4.2.6. | Alkaline electrolyzer: anode supplies (OER) |
| 4.2.7. | AWE Anode-Cathode abstract |
| 4.2.8. | Zero-gap alkaline electrolysers |
| 4.2.9. | AWE system – ‘Zero-Gap’ configuration benefits |
| 4.2.10. | AWE Diaphragm Characteristics |
| 4.2.11. | Commercial AWE diaphragms |
| 4.2.12. | AWE spacer and electrolyte |
| 4.2.13. | AWE: Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) |
| 4.2.14. | Anion trade membrane water electrolyzer |
| 4.2.15. | Commercial AEM electrolyte and cell performances |
| 4.2.16. | Large scale AWE system |
| 4.2.17. | Alkaline electrolyzer expertise growth |
| 4.2.18. | Hysata cell design |
| 4.2.19. | System degree enhancements from bubble-free configuration |
| 4.2.20. | Next Hydrogen Solutions |
| 4.2.21. | AWE Supply chain |
| 4.3. | PEM electrolysers |
| 4.3.1. | Overview |
| 4.3.2. | PEM electrolyzers techniques: Materials, Specifics |
| 4.3.3. | Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer |
| 4.3.4. | Three Phase Boundary and Proton Exchange Membrane |
| 4.3.5. | PEMEL Working Mechanism |
| 4.3.6. | PEMEL stack and elements |
| 4.3.7. | Electrolyzer system: BOP and Stack |
| 4.3.8. | OER Electrocatalyst |
| 4.3.9. | HER Electrocatalyst |
| 4.3.10. | Electrocatalyst Degradation |
| 4.3.11. | Electrocatalyst Degradation |
| 4.3.12. | PEMEL Membrane: Overview |
| 4.3.13. | Membrane degradation issues |
| 4.3.14. | Membrane degradation processes |
| 4.3.15. | Membrane degradation processes |
| 4.3.16. | Current Collectors (CCs) |
| 4.3.17. | Bipolar Plates (BPs) |
| 4.3.18. | Bipolar plate supplies |
| 4.3.19. | Titanium BP drawbacks |
| 4.3.20. | PEMEL Technical overview |
| 4.3.21. | PEMEL value breakdown |
| 4.3.22. | PEMEL Supply chain |
| 4.3.23. | PEM catalyst demand |
| 4.3.24. | PGM free PEM electrolysers |
| 4.4. | Solid-oxide electrolysers |
| 4.4.1. | SOEL overview |
| 4.4.2. | Solid Oxide Electrolyzer: introduction |
| 4.4.3. | Solid Oxide Electrolyzer effectivity |
| 4.4.4. | Reversible SOFC |
| 4.4.5. | Solid Oxide Electrolyzer: Solid Electrolyte |
| 4.4.6. | Solid Oxide Electrolyzer: Electrodes |
| 4.4.7. | SOEL Electrolyzers techniques: Materials, Specifics |
| 4.4.8. | SOEL Market |
| 4.4.9. | SOEL provide chain |
| 4.4.10. | New high-temperature electrolysis expertise |
| 4.5. | Electrolyzer expertise comparisons and conclusions |
| 4.5.1. | Commercialised electrolyzer effectivity comparability |
| 4.5.2. | Electrolyzers effectivity charts |
| 4.5.3. | PEMEL Efficiency development |
| 4.5.4. | PEMEL-AWE effectivity development |
| 4.5.5. | PEMEL-AWE effectivity development |
| 4.5.6. | Pros and cons of electrolyzer applied sciences |
| 4.5.7. | Electrolyzer enhancements |
| 4.5.8. | Dynamic Operation Property |
| 4.5.9. | Challenges with dynamic operation of alkaline water electrolysers (AWE) |
| 4.5.10. | Challenges with dynamic operation of PEM and SOEC |
| 4.5.11. | PEM design trade-offs for dynamic operation |
| 4.5.12. | Is dynamic SOEC operation attainable? |
| 4.5.13. | Academic highlights |
| 4.5.14. | Academic highlights |
| 4.5.15. | Electrolyzer expertise state of growth |
| 5. | ELECTROLYZER MARKET LANDSCAPE |
| 5.1. | Major international hydrogen insurance policies |
| 5.2. | 2021/22 geopolitics |
| 5.3. | Electricity costs |
| 5.4. | 2022 influence on H2 worth |
| 5.5. | Electrolyzer Manufacturers: Overview |
| 5.6. | Market Overview |
| 5.7. | European associations |
| 5.8. | Hydrogen initiatives in Europe |
| 5.9. | Hydrogen associated initiatives |
| 5.10. | Electrolyzer producers |
| 5.11. | Electrolyzer distributors by area |
| 5.12. | Electrolyzer distributors by area |
| 5.13. | Electrolyzer distributors by area |
| 5.14. | Electrolyzer manufacturing market |
| 5.15. | Electrolyzer manufacturing capability |
| 5.16. | Electrolyzer manufacturing capability growth |
| 5.17. | Electrolyzer expertise break up |
| 5.18. | Electrolyzer expertise break up |
| 5.19. | Electrolyzer expertise adoption |
| 5.20. | PEM catalyst demand |
| 5.21. | Electrolyzer expertise outlook |
| 5.22. | Electrolyzer expertise outlook |
| 5.23. | Recent business exercise |
| 5.24. | Recent business exercise |
| 5.25. | Comparison of electrolyzer techniques – Materials |
| 5.26. | Electrolyzer techniques comparability – Operating parameters |
| 5.27. | Downstream electrolyzers part distributors |
| 5.28. | Electrolyzer gamers |
| 5.29. | Market Addressed by EL producer |
| 5.30. | Companies Interviewed by IDTechEx |
| 6. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 6.1. | Nel ASA |
| 6.2. | H2U Technologies |
| 6.3. | Next Hydrogen Solutions |
| 6.4. | Hysata |
| 6.5. | Sunfire |
| 6.6. | ITM Power |
| 6.7. | Plug Power |
| 6.8. | Bloom Energy |
| 6.9. | AquaHydrex |
| 6.10. | Enapter |
| 6.11. | Erredue |
| 6.12. | H-Tec Systems |
| 6.13. | Avium, LLC |
| 6.14. | Agfa-Gevaert |
| 6.15. | OxEon Energy |
| 7. | FORECASTS |
| 7.1. | Forecast Assumptions |
| 7.2. | Main hydrogen end-uses |
| 7.3. | Hydrogen demand forecast |
| 7.4. | Total addressable markets |
| 7.5. | Hydrogen development sectors |
| 7.6. | Green hydrogen finish sectors |
| 7.7. | Electrolyzer market forecast |
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